Acromegaly

  • A disorder marked by progressive enlargement of the head, face, hands, feet, and chest due to excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
  • Also called Marie's Disease.
  • Elevated levels of the hormone somatotropin in adults causes thickening of bones such as the jaw, fingers, and bones of the skull.
  • Acromegaly is more commonly called a pituitary adenoma, which is a benign tumor on the pituitary gland. This disease affects the bones of the hands, feet, jaw, nose, and ribs.
  • This disease can be caused by a tumor on other parts of the body (besides the pituitary gland) such as the lungs, pancreas, and adrenal gland.
  • Hands and feet become larger and broader.
  • The skin may thicken (particularly on the face) and become more greasy and sweaty.
  • Changes to the face which may include thickened lips and nose, thickening of the scalp, and the jaw becomes more prominent.
  • The vocal cords thicken which may cause your voice to deepen.
  • Tongue may also enlarge, so, may often 'bite tongue'
  • Thickening of cartilage may cause arthritis in various joints.
  • Thickening of nasal passages can make you snore loudly.
  • Patients may also have Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, where the median nerve, going through the carpal tunnel is compressed by thickened tissue.

    -  Before puberty, excess growth hormone causes increased linear growth.
    - After puberty, excess growth hormone causes periosteal bone growth, increased organ size, and glucose intolerance.

    - Continued hypersecretion in the immature patient leads to gigantism, and in the adult results in thickening of bones by subperiosteal deposition; the mandible, hands and feet are the most affected, a condition known as acromegaly.


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