Injures two structures: the median nerve and the brachial artery. The brachial artery undergoes necrosis.

Particularly common in children

If not treated immediately, the distal part of the limb can undergo gangrene.

In supracondylar fractures, one nerve, one muscle, and one artery are affected: brachial artery, brachialis muscle, and median nerve.

If the median nerve is damaged, all muscles supplied by the median nerve are affected.

If the brachial artery is injured, than no blood to the ulnar or radial artery occurs, resulting in gangrene in the forearm and hand.

Patients that have this occur, have one hour to have it fixed, or gangrene sets in, then amputation is the only solution.

Median nerve injury in a supracondylar fracture will result in 6 ½ muscles in the lateral side of the forearm supplied by the median nerve to become atrophied.